For the Methodology of Environmental Monitoring and Expertise in Environmental Pollution

Abstract

Environmental pollution is called the appearance in it of new, uncharacteristic agents that have a negative impact on its processes and on the vital activity of organisms associated with it. Air pollution is one of the most dangerous in the biosphere, since the atmospheric air, due to its low density, is capable of dispersing toxic substances over long distances. The growth of atmospheric pollution in the last century is the result of a complex of environmental factors. First of all, these are factors of natural origin. Among them, the leading role is played by volcanic activity, vital activity of organisms, wind erosion, precipitation and fires. The factors of technogenic origin include the development of energy and metallurgy, transport, burning of fossil fuels, production and use of fertilizers, extraction and processing of oil and gas, chemical synthesis, radioactive emissions, as well as industrial accidents and disasters. The presented data are related to the methodologies of monitoring and disaster risk reduction and is the main purpose of the article.